Hospitals // Schools // Army // Police // Prisons // Churches // Government // Marriage // Big businesses // Family // Media
Makes the employees behave in a way that the institutions would expect without strict dictation
A code of general behaviour for each institution is decided by the institutional expert which is made by the instituns field itself.
Panopticon
Design for a building by Jeremy Bentham in 1791
General use which is seen as 100% efficient
Has a space of visibility and the power is unverifiable by the audience meaning that the audience can be seen but never see
Psychological effect of not being physically forced
"lateral invisibility and an axial visibility"
The self correcting and monitoring nature is key to a Panopticon.
Foulcault (1977) 'Discipline and Punish'
Based on the idea of the Panopticon
"Docile bodies" is someone obeys without question.
Power is a relationship
Examples
The church/religion
Based on always being watched by a "God"
The 10 commandments are in effect, rules to live by.
Marriage
Expected to behave a certain way by your partner and society, begun in the middle ages by having a male claim responsibilty for a woman and her abilties to perform tasks around the home.
Marriage is to have control or be controlled, the literal meaning of power being a relationship
Media
Newspapers fabricate stories to manipulate public interest in order to sell more papers and earn more money
Journalists are the so called institutional experts so society believes what they say
Key quotations from 'Discipline and Punish', Michael Foucault
"The following, according to an order published at the end of the seventeenth century, were measures to be taken when the plague appeared in a town." - description of actual events.
"omnipresent and omniscient power."
everywhere, all power, all seeing.
"A whole literary fiction of the festival grew up around the plague:..."
development of festivals/ carnivals.
"...suspended laws, lifted prohibitions, the frenzy of passing time, bodies mingling together without respect, individuals unmasked, abandoning their statuary identity and the figure under which they had been recognised."
a new sexual/frenzied environment, space of collectivity, can create a new identity. Metaphor for a free society.
"also a political dream of the plague" - reverse of the festival.
"strict divisions; not laws transgressed, but the penetration of regulation into even the smallest details of everyday life." - more regulations, laws and divisions.
"the assignment to each individual of his 'true' name, his 'true' place, his true 'body'..." - branding a person with an identity.
"medical and political correlative discipline" - the free and disciplined society.
"If it is true that the leper gave rise to rituals of exclusion, which to a certain extent provided the model for and general form of the Great Confinement... multiple separations." - Metaphor for the pure community
"The plague stricken town, transversed throughout with hierarchy, surveillance, observation, writing; the town immobilised by the functioning of an extensive power that bears in a distinct way over all individual bodies - this is the utopia of the governed city." - Metaphor for the modern comity, perfect control mechanisms.
"in order to see perfect disciplines functioning, rulers dreamt of the state of plague."
imagining social disorder, want disorder to set it right and control, able to create new disciplinary measures.
"individualise the excluded, but use the procedures of individualisation to mark exclusion - this is what was operated regularly by the disciplinary power from the beginning of the nineteenth century in the psychiatric asylum, the penitentiary, the reformatory, the approved school and to some extent, the hospital."
how these techniques were applied to institutions.
"so many small theatres, in which each actor is alone, perfectly individualised and constantly visible."
put on display individually on a stage e.g Facebook.
"Visibility is a trap." -
key aspect of Panopticon, constantly visible = constantly detectable, will always be caught out, being in the light is not necessarily being protected.
"The crowd, a compact mass, a locus of multiple exchanges, individualities merging together, a collective effect, is abolished and replaced by a collection of separated individualities." - much easier to control, locate, track and discipline.
"Unverifiable: the inmate must never know whether he is being looked at at any one moment; but he must be sure that he may always be so."
self fulfilling prophecy.
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